a1 Grammar List

Nouns

Nouns are words that name people, places, things, or ideas.

Personal pronouns replace nouns and show who is speaking, being spoken to, or being spoken about.

This, that, these, and those are used to point to specific people or things near or far in distance or time.

Reciprocal pronouns express a mutual action or relationship between two or more people or things.

Question words are used to ask for specific information in questions.

Verbs are words that describe actions, states, or occurrences.

Action verbs express physical or mental actions performed by the subject.

Stative verbs describe a state, condition, or feeling rather than an action.

Auxiliary verbs help the main verb to form different tenses, questions, or negatives.

Regular verbs form their past tense and past participle by adding -ed, while irregular verbs have unique past forms.

Phrasal verbs are verbs combined with one or two particles (prepositions or adverbs) that change the meaning of the original verb.

Articles are words used before nouns to define whether something is specific or nonspecific.

Articles (a, an, the) are used with nouns to specify whether the noun is definite or indefinite.

Articles are omitted (not used) in certain situations, such as with plural and uncountable nouns when speaking generally, or with proper nouns.

Parts of speech are the basic categories of words based on their function in a sentence.

Word order is the arrangement of words in a sentence to make the meaning clear and grammatically correct.

Subject pronouns are used as the subject of a sentence to show who is doing the action.

Object pronouns receive the action of the verb and usually come after the verb or a preposition.

Possessive adjectives show who owns or has something and come before a noun.

Possessive pronouns show ownership and replace a noun to avoid repetition.